Introduction: The follicular tissue around impacted third molar has a potential to develop to different lesions. However, it is generally accepted that the absence of abnormal radiolucency indicates the presence of a normal follicle. The aim of this study was to histopathologically evaluate the normal pericoronal radiolucencies associated with impacted third molars.Materials & Methods: The follicular space of 104 third molars with normal follicular space (<2.5mm) in panoramic radiographs was measured. Under local anesthesia, tooth and its follicle were taken out by surgical procedure and after necessary steps, were histopathologically evaluated. Data were analyzed by fisher's exact test, chi-square and logestic regression (a=0.05).Results: Thirty eight cases (36.5%) of all follicles had been collected from male, and 63.5% (66 cases) from female patients.92 follicles (88.5%) had been taken out of mandible and 12 follicles (11.5%) from maxilla. Of the specimens submitted, 41.3% (43 cases) showed cystic changes equivalent to that in dentigerous cysts. Cystic changes in dental follicles were significantly higher in patients over 20 years of age (P<0.0001). No significant difference was detected between sex of patients and cystic changes in follicles (P>0.05). Impacted third molars with normal pericoronal radiolucency more than 1.5 mm showed cystic changes in 63.3% of the cases.Conclusion: This study confirms the idea that the risk of cystic changes increases with age. Considering the high incidence of cystic changes in pericoronal radiolucencies associated with impacted third molars, this study suggests prophylactic removal of impacted third molar.

In this paper we study translation surfaces with the nondegenerate third fundamental form in Lorentz-Minkowski space L3. As a result, we classify translation surfaces satisfying an equation in terms of the position vector  eld and the Laplace operator with respect to the third fundamental form III on the surface.

Introduction: Tooth extraction is one of the most common and necessary measures that is done in dental practice. No doubt, it is necessary for each dentist to be familiar with possible complications of this procedure. The purpose of this report was to introduce a case of accidental replacement of mandibular third molar into the infratemporal space, which is one of the wisdom tooth surgery complications.Results: A 23-year old woman with severe limitation of mouth opening was referred to Mashhad dental school by a dentist. In the radiographic evaluation of the mandible, presence of wisdom tooth in the infratemporal space was evident. The displaced tooth caused significant limitation in mouth opening due to mechanical intraction with cronoid process. Tooth removal was done in operation room under general anesthesia and limitation in mouth opening was improved.Conclusion: Awareness of possible complications of removing teeth is a basic principle. Any dentist should be familiar with the possible complications and how to manage it.

This study was an inquiry to investigate English for Specific Purposes (ESP) teachers' transitional experiences in the third space. To that end, 17 ESP teachers wrote autobiographical narratives focusing on their critical challenges in the third space and their approaches to dealing with them. The narratives were analyzed using Creswell's (2007) procedures to analyze the narratives, including managing the data, reading and memoing, describing the memos, classifying, and interpreting. The findings showed that ESP teachers' main challenges in the third space were negotiation tensions, identity struggles, the inefficiency of their previous experiences, and institutional barriers to change. Furthermore, ESP teachers' approaches to evolving their professional identity in the third space encompassed addressing reflective teaching and criticality, seeking external support, and creating a third space community of practice. It can be concluded from the findings of the current study that the third space can be a double-edged sword for ESP teachers since, on the one hand, some tensions in the third space create some problems for their professional identity development. On the other hand, ESP teachers need to take some approaches to address the third space tensions, helping them evolve their professional identity.

Introduction: Displacement of third molar into anatomical spaces is a rare complication of tooth extraction. In this paper a case of mandibular third molar displacement into submandibular space will be presented.Case Report: The case was a 33 year old man who had visited his dentist for impacted third molar extraction. During applying elevator, the tooth disappeared and was displaced into oral floor.Conclusion: For performing wisdom tooth surgery, one must completely evaluate tooth position and use appropriate technique and instruments.

Introduction: Displacement of tooth or root fragments into adjacent anatomical spaces is an uncommon complication of the removal of teeth. In this paper with presenting two cases, inwhich during extracting mandibular third molar, the tooth was displaced into pterygomandibular space, principles of prevention and management have been discussed. Results: First case was a 23 year old man with mesioangular third molar. His dentist had tried to extract it by close technique and the teeth entered the pterigomandibular space. Second case was a 35 year old man with a horizontal third molar. His dentist used flap approach to extract it, but the teeth was pushed into pterigomandibular space. Conclusion: Following the principles of prevention, patient selection, appropriate technique of tooth extraction and also choosing proper instruments especially for the third molars with the highest prevalence of displacement into the pterygomandibulars space during extraction, is necessary which has the most incidences meanwhile.